General Description
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC.
Conduct disorder is a when a child continually violates the rights of others and does not follow other social norms that are appropriate for their age. There are three subtypes of Conduct Disorder (CD) in the DSM-IV:
(312.81) Childhood-Onset Type. Under this subtype the child has at least one characteristic of CD before the age of 10. Under this type a child is more likely to have other disorders associated with CD during his life.
(312.82) Adolescent-Onset Type. Under this subtype the adolescent had no characteristic of CD before the age of 10. This type an adolescent is less likely to exhibit aggressive behavior and tends to have a less likely chance of developing any associated disorders throughout their life.
(312.89) Unspecified Onset. This is used when the age of onset is unknown.
Diagnostic Criteria
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC.
The child will exhibit three or more of the following symptoms in 12 months, with at least one symptom present in the past six months.
1. Aggression to people and animals
a. Bullying, physical fights, use of a weapon, physically cruel to people and animals, has committed a crime such as a mugging, or has force someone into a sexual activity.
2. Destruction of property
a. Setting fires to cause damage, or has destroyed other property on purpose.
3. Deceitfulness or theft
a. Broken into someone's property, conned others, or has stolen items without confronting victim.
4. Serious violations of rules
a. Does not listen to parents before the age of 13, runs away from home, or takes a long time to come home from school before the age of 13.
Etiology
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC.
CD is both genetic and environmental. Children that have parents or siblings with similar or the same disorders or more like to have CD.
Prevalence
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC.
CD has increase over the past decade and seems to be higher in more populated areas. Rates vary a great deal with reports ranging from less then 1% to more then 10%. CD occurs more often in males and is frequently diagnosed to children in inpatient and outpatient mental heath facilities.
EBP Treatment Approaches
Listed below are either evidence-based practices or promising practices that have been successful at treating Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
Psychosocial Treatments
- Parent Training Based on Living w/Children
- Videotape Modeling Parent Training
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Anger Coping Therapy
- Assertiveness Training
- Delinquency Prevention Program Rational Emotive Therapy
Pharmacological Treatments
(Click on Medications)
- Stimulants
- Mood Stabilizers
References
Burke,
J. D.; Loeber, R.; Birmaher, B. (2002, Nov.) Oppositional Defiant
Disorder and Conduct Disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part
II. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry. 41(11):1275-1293.
Note - Full text is available through the University at Buffalo
Libraries.
Collection
of Evidence-Based Treatment Modalities for Children and Adolescents
with Mental Health Treatment Needs: Section II
Note-Adobe Reader is necessary to view this file.
Links
ODD & CD in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Treatment
Aboutourkids.org
The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Diagnosis, Treatment, Research Gateway
Fact Sheets
Fact Sheets from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Note - Click on topic. (Please note disclaimer).
The AACAP developed Facts for Families to provide concise and up-to-date information on issues that affect children, teenagers, and their families.
The AACAP website includes facts, statistics, and overviews of different problems children and adolescents face and different mental health disorders that affect children and adolescents.
Fact Sheets from the National Institute of Mental Health
Note - Click on "select a topic".
NIMH offers a variety of publications and other educational resources to help people with mental health disorders, the general public, mental health and health care practitioners, and researchers gain a better understanding of mental illnesses and the research programs of the NIMH.
This website includes facts, statistics, pamphlets, checklists, and overviews of mental health disorders.
Fact Sheets from the National Mental Health Association
Note - Click on topic.
The NMHA offers answers to frequently asked questions, facts, statistics and overviews about different mental health disorders, as well as information about treatments and other problems that affect children and adolescents.
Top
