General Description
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC
ODD is a recurring negative, deviant behavior, and hostility toward authority figures that last for at least 6 months.
Diagnostic Criteria
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC
A child could be considered to have ODD if four or more of the following symptoms occur in the last 6 months:
- Frequent lose of temper
- Frequent arguments with adults
- Does not listen to adults' request and rules
- Annoys people on purpose
- Blames others for his mistakes
- The child is easily annoyed
- Often angry
Other criteria of ODD is if the behavior interferes with social, academic, or occupational functioning, if the behavior does not occur due to another disorder, and if a child does not meet the criteria for conduct disorder.
Etiology
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC
ODD seems to be more common in children of parents with the same or associated disorders. ODD is also more common in child of marriages with serious argument and disagreements.
Prevalence
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC
ODD occurs in 2% to 16% of the population. The rates of diagnosis tend to be higher in males before puberty but become equal after puberty.
EBP Treatment Approaches
Listed below are either evidence-based practices or promising practices that have been successful at treating Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
Evidence Based Treatments
Psychosocial Treatments
- Parent Training Based on Living w/Children
- Videotape Modeling Parent Training
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Anger Coping Therapy
- Assertiveness Training
- Delinquency Prevention Program Rational Emotive Therapy
Pharmacological Treatments
- Stimulants
- Mood Stabilizers
References
Burke, J. D.; Loeber, R.; Birmaher, B. (2002, Nov.) Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 41(11):1275-1293.
Note - Full text is available through the University at Buffalo Libraries.
Collection of Evidence-Based Treatment Modalities for Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Treatment Needs: Section II
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Links
ODD & CD in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Treatment
Virtual Children's Hospital
The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Diagnosis, Treatment, Research Gateway
Fact Sheets
Fact Sheets from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Note - Click on topic. (Please note disclaimer).
The AACAP developed Facts for Families to provide concise and up-to-date information on issues that affect children, teenagers, and their families.
The AACAP website includes facts, statistics, and overviews of different problems children and adolescents face and different mental health disorders that affect children and adolescents.
Fact Sheets from the National Institute of Mental Health
Note - Click on "select a topic".
NIMH offers a variety of publications and other educational resources to help people with mental health disorders, the general public, mental health and health care practitioners, and researchers gain a better understanding of mental illnesses and the research programs of the NIMH.
This website includes facts, statistics, pamphlets, checklists, and overviews of mental health disorders.
Fact Sheets from the National Mental Health Association
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The NMHA offers answers to frequently asked questions, facts, statistics and overviews about different mental health disorders, as well as information about treatments and other problems that affect children and adolescents.
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